According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, the word Carnival is derived from medieval Latin "Carnem Levare
or Carnelevarium, which means removal of meat." Carnival is a festival that takes place in many Roman
Catholic countries. It is usually a period of celebration prior to the 40 days of Lent. Throughout history Roman
Catholics fasted, and did not eat meat during the season of Lent. Lent was a time for abstinence.

The Tuesday before Ash Wednesday is called Mardi Gras in French, translated as Fat Tuesday. It was the
custom to use all the fat in the home before Ash Wednesday.
Carnival goes back to Medieval times and has it roots in the Catholic Church. The Carnival of Venice in Italy
is one of the oldest world - renowned festivals in Europe.
The carnival of Venice is famous for its masquerade masks. In France, the Carnival of Nice is also well known.
It is understood that Carnival traditions spread throughout Europe. At the same time Carnival traditions
crossed the Atlantic with the Portuguese, the Spanish and the French to the Americas.
This year, Carnival is scheduled for February 22nd-24th, 2009.
It will be celebrated throughout the Caribbean, South America and Louisiana, for a period of three to five days.
Carnival or Mardi Gras is: music, parades, costumes, fantasies, food, fun, and joy. Brazil, Trinidad and
Tobago, and New Orleans have all earned world recognition for this event.
In South America, Rio de Janeiro's carnival is the biggest and the best. Carnival was introduced to Brazil by
the Portuguese. Over the years, the festival became a world event. In Brazil, European costumes merged
with African and indigenous traditions to create one of the most beautiful shows on earth. Carnival in Rio
plays an important role in Brazil's economy. It is a cultural event that generates revenues for the city and
the associations involved in the planning of the festivities.
As Samba music evolved in the 1970's, so did Carnival. In the early 1980's, a permanent site , called the ombódromo was designed and built for Rio's Carnival. The Sombódromo is the Parade stadium, built on both sides
of Avenida Marquês de Sapucaí ; it is made of concrete and can hold a crowd of more than sixty thousand people.
Access to the stadium is not free; one needs a ticket to watch the show. The official parade starts on the Sunday
before Fat Tuesday , and it is a competition among the best "Samba Schools." From Sunday evening to Monday
morning , and Monday evening to Tuesday morning, 14 Samba schools will compete for the championship
(seven schools per night about ten + hours of show each night rain or shine).
Among the greatest Samba schools are: Mangueira, Salgueiro, Portela, Grande Rio, Unidos da Tijuca, Beija-Flour, Mocidade, Imperatriz, Caprichosos, São Clemente and so forth. The winners are decided on Tuesday
and are announced on Ash Wednesday. The Winners' Parade is held the following Saturday , starting off with the
sixth-place winner and ending with the first place winning Samba school.
A Samba school represents a specific community or neighborhood and may include three thousand members or more.
For the Carnival parade, the samba school has to follow a specific pattern. First, the samba school has a theme, for
example the "Amazon." The costumes, the floats and the music must all be in harmony with the theme, which
is the "Samba Enredo."
The actual parade for each samba school is divided into segments or isles. The organizational committee will
lead the parade, followed by colorful floats with famous people etc. In between the isles are the Flag bearers in
beautiful costumes. Some segments are preceded by a "Madrina" (God Mother). The "Bateria" segment is the heart
of the parade . T he rhythms of the drums are unbelievable! Another fascinating segment of the parade is the
"Baianas." Each Samba school must include this category ; the segment is composed of a group of women in
traditional dress. The Baianas bring out the African presence in Brazil to this great event.
technical rehearsal before the show. By the Friday and Saturday
before the official start of Carnival, different "Blocos" are out on the street singing and dancing.
Blocos again are community based ;
people from a specific neighborhood gather together and parade around town. Carnival in
People from all over the world travel to this
Caribbean nation for the festival. It is believed that Carnival was introduced to the island by the French.
the festivities reflects a people full of creativity. The town is transformed into a wonderland; the costumes are beyond
is the place to be. Another vibrant tradition on Fat Tuesday is to wear Mardi Gras Beads.
As described, Carnival in Rio de Janeiro, Trinidad and Tobago or Mardi Gras in New Orleans have a lot in common.
It reflects the culture, the folklore, the pride, the joy, of a people. It is a time for all members of a society regardeless
of social class, race or religion to unite and rejoice. The Celebration is no longer limited to Catholics. However,
many Catholics will go to Church on Ash Wednesday, it is the beginning of lent.














